Changes in the expression of EphA5/ephrinA5 in the CA3 region of the hippocampus in rats with epilepsy and their role in the pathogenesis of temporal lobe epilepsy / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the changes in the expression of EphA5 and its ligand ephrinA5 in the hippocampus of rats with epilepsy and their role in the pathogenesis of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 240 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group and TLE group, with 120 rats in each group. A rat model of lithium-pilocarpine TLE was established, and then the rats were divided into subgroups at 12 and 24 hours and 7, 15, 30, and 60 days after epilepsy was induced. In-situ hybridization was used to measure the mRNA expression of ephrinA5 in the CA3 region and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in 9 rats; immunohistochemistry was used to measure the protein expression of EphA5 in the CA3 region and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in 9 rats; Neo-Timm silver staining was used to observe mossy fiber sprouting in the CA3 region of the hippocampus in 2 rats.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In-situ hybridization showed mRNA expression of ephrinA5 in the CA3 region of the hippocampus, but this was not found in the dentate gyrus. Compared with the control group at the same time point, the TLE group had a significant reduction in the mRNA expression of ephrinA5 in the CA3 region of the hippocampus at 7 and 15 days after epilepsy was induced (P<0.05); at 30 and 60 days after epilepsy was induced, the TLE group had a gradual increase in the mRNA expression of ephrinA5 in the CA3 region of the hippocampus, and there was no significant difference between the TLE and control groups (P>0.05). Immunohistochemistry showed that EphA5 protein was expressed in the CA3 region and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and had a similar trend of change as ephrinA5 mRNA. Neo-Timm silver staining showed that the TLE group developed marked mossy fiber sprouting in the CA3 region of the hippocampus at 7 and 15 days after epilepsy was induced.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Downregulation of ephrinA5 and EphA5 in the CA3 region of the hippocampus may participate in the mechanism of mossy fiber sprouting and is closely associated with the development and progression of epilepsy.</p>

The influence of intracellular keratin 8 on hepatitis C virus replication / 药学学报

The level of intracellular keratin 8(KRT-8) is associated with liver diseases, whose expression is increased in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients with hepatocarcinoma and in cultural cells infected with HCV. However, it is not clear whether KRT-8 will impact HCV replication. In this paper, the HCV replication was analyzed in response to high expression and silence of KRT-8. The inhibitory activities against wild-type and mutant HCV were also analyzed by silence of KRT-8 or combined with known anti-HCV drug telaprevir. Results showed that the protein level of KRT-8 was increased in proportion with the HCV replication. The high expression was found to facilitate HCV replication, while the silence of KRT-8 was able to inhibit HCV replication and enhanced the anti-HCV activity of telaprevir. It also inhibited A156T and D168V mutant HCV, which are resistant to protease inhibitors. These results suggest that KRT-8 is a co-factor for HCV replication. Down-regulation of KRT-8 can inhibit wild type and mutant HCV replication to enhance the anti-HCV activity of known anti-HCV drugs. Therefore, KRT-8 may be a new target in the development of anti-HCV agents.

Analysis on 315 cases of clinical adverse drug reaction/event induced by gastrodin / 中国中药杂志

With patients' general situation, medication use, occurrence time of adverse drug reaction/event (ADR/ADE), clinical manifestations and prognosis as reference items, a retrospective study was made for 315 cases with ADR/ADE induced by Gastrodin in Chongqing from January 2008 to June 2014, in order to analyze the characteristics of ADR/ADE and provide reference for rational clinical medication. The results showed that among the 315 cases with ADR/ADE, 143 cases (45.4%) were males and 172 cases (54.6%) were females, most of them (74.9%) were aged above 45; 60 cases (19.0%) with ADE were caused by off-label indications and 66 cases (21.0%) with ADE were caused by over dosage; ADR/ADE cases induced by intravenous drip mainly happened within 30 min (85.5%), ADR/ADE cases induced by oral administration mainly happened within 2 h (74.4%), and all of ADR/ ADE cases induced by intramuscular injection happened within 10 min. Totally 593 ADR/ADE cases were reported, which were mainly damages in gastrointestinal system, skin and its adnexa; And 61.9% of ADR/ADE cases were newly reported. It is suggested that medical workers shall learn about the regularity and characteristics of ADR/ADE induced by gastrodin, apply it in clinic with standards, pay close attention to changes of patients' situations and attach importance to the monitoring of ADR/ADE, so as to enhance the safety of medication.

Radioprotective effect of adenine on irradiation-induced apoptosis / 中国天然药物

AIM@#To investigate the radioprotective effect of adenine on irradiated lymphocytes and discover the possible mechanisms of protection.@*METHODS@#Lymphocytes were pretreated for 12 h with adenine (0.001-0.1 μmol·L(-1)) and then exposed to 4 Gy radiation. Cell viability was observed by the MTS assay, apoptosis was detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI, DNA ladder, and caspase 3/7 activity. Caspase-9, Bax, and Bcl-2 gene expression was investigated by RT-PCR.@*RESULTS@#Irradiation increased cell death and DNA fragmentation. Pretreatment with adenine significantly reversed this tendency. Furthermore, several anti-apoptotic characteristics of adenine were determined, including the ability to inhibit caspase 3/7, upregulate B-cell lymphoma (Bcl-2) and downregulate Bcl-2- associated X (Bax), capase-9 gene expression in 4 Gy-irradiated AHH-1 cells.@*CONCLUSION@#The results suggest that adenine had a radioprotective effect to inhibit apoptosis in a concentration dependent manner.

Eph in the mechanism of mossy fiber axon sprouting in dentate gyrus in rats with chronic temporal lobe epilepsy / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the relationship among mossy fiber axon sprouting(MFS), synaptic reorganization, and the alteration of expression of Eph A5 and ephrin A3 in the dentate gyrus in rats with pilocarpine-induced chronic temporal lobe epilepsy.@*METHODS@#Mossy fiber sprouting and synaptic formation in rats were observed by Neo-Timm staining, after the acute status epilepticus and chronic spontaneous temporal lobe epilepsy induced by lithium-chloride and pilocarpine. In situ hybridization was used to detect ephrin A3 mRNA and an immunohistochemical staining was applied to determine Eph A5 protein.@*RESULTS@#In entorhinal cortex, only Eph A5 mRNA and protein expressed, which significantly decreased on Day 7 after pilocarpine induced status epilepticus(P0.05). In the dentate granule cells, ephrin A3 mRNA reduced obviously on Day 7 after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (P0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The down-regulation of Eph A5 mRNA and protein in entorhinal cortex and dentate gyrus, and ephrin A3 mRNA in dentate gyrus after status epilepticus may be part of the endogenous molecular mechanism of mossy fiber sprouting to the inner molecular layer of dentate gyrus.

Effect of Eucalyptus globulus oil on lipopolysaccharide-induced chronic bronchitis and mucin hypersecretion in rats / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of Eucalyptus globulus oil on bronchiolitis and mucin hypersecretion in chronic bronchitis induced by lipopolysaccharide in rats.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Rat model was established by intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide 0.2 mg. Pathological changes, alteration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and immunohistochemistry characters were examined after 3 weeks and the effect of E. globulus oil was observed.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Characters of pathological manifestations of chronic bronchitis were found after instillation of LPS. Inflammatory cell infiltration and bronchiolitis severity were significantly reduced after administration of E. globulus oil. Especially in 300 mg x kg(-1) treated rats, there were significant decreases of mucin content in BALF and MUC5ac expression in trachea and bronchiole epithelium. Optical density and mucins area% detected by image analysis system were apparently lower than those in model group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>E. globulus oil has the anti-inflammatory effect on chronic bronchitis induced by lipopolysaccharide in rats and the inhibitio effect on hypersecretion of airway mucins.</p>

Preliminary study on hematopoietic constituents of si-wu-tang / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To make preliminary study on the chemical foundation of hematopoietic effect of si-wu-tang.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Si-wu-tang was fractionated by using precipitation method with ethanol and liquid-liquid extraction. Activity was investigated on radiated mice as model of blood deficiency.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>At first si-wu-tang was separated into three fractions, fraction A, B and C. Activity study showed that fraction B and C could raise the amount of peripheral white blood cell in radiated mice. Then fraction B and C were respectively further separated into fraction B1, B2, B3 and fraction C1, C2, C3. Activity study showed that fraction C2, C3 and B3 could raise the amount of peripheral white blood cell in radiated mice. Furthermore, effect of fraction C1, C2, C3, B and paeoniflorin on hematopoietic progenitor cell in bone marrow of radiated mice were investigated. Fraction C2, C3, B and paeoniflorin could promote the proliferation of hematopoietic progenitor cell in bone marrow of radiated mice.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Fraction C2, C3, B and paeoniflorin are responsible for hematopoietic activity of si-wu-tang.</p>